Oxidative stress is a reflection of excessive intracellular concentrations of reactive Oxygen species (ROS) and one of the important indicators of cellular damages. Oxidative stress implicated in various pathological conditions such as cardiovascular disease, neurological disorder, diabetes, ischemia/ reperfusion, aging and various other alignments. It can result from diminished antioxidant protection as well as increased free radical production. The free radicals are biochemical toxins produce highly active singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radicals, and peroxynitrite that can attack proteins, lipids, and DNA and cause irritation or inflammation of the cells and tissues which further lead to various pathological conditions. These free radicals and other reactive oxygen species are derived either from normal essential metabolic processes in the human body or from external sources. These free radicals are known to cause oxidative stress, comes from the cell’s own metabolism. Several sites of ROS production are mitochondrial electron transport, peroxisomal fatty acid, cytochrome P-450, and phagocytic cells.. Detoxification is the process of clearing toxins from the body or neutralizing or transforming in less toxic radical by using different enzymes like dismutase, catalyse and glutathione peroxidase. There are several approaches that may be adopted, including measurements of the depletion of antioxidant reserves, changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, free radical production, and presence of protein, lipid, and DNA free radical adducts.
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